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The colder months bring not only changes in weather but also effects on eye health. Low temperatures, wind, and dry indoor heating can impact the hydration and well-being of our eyes, leading to several common conditions. Here, we explore some frequent eye issues during the cold season and ways to prevent them to keep our eyes healthy.
Dry Eye
One of the most common eye conditions in colder months is dry eye syndrome. This occurs when the eye's surface is not properly lubricated due to reduced tear production or rapid evaporation of tears. Cold, dry outdoor air and indoor heating can exacerbate this issue by lowering humidity levels and accelerating tear evaporation.
Symptoms of dry eye include a gritty sensation, redness, irritation, itching, and blurred vision. To prevent this condition, it’s recommended to:
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the conjunctiva, is also common in winter. During this season, people tend to spend more time indoors, increasing the risk of spreading viruses and bacteria that cause conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis is particularly prevalent in winter, though bacterial conjunctivitis can also occur.
Symptoms of conjunctivitis include eye redness, tearing, itching, and, in some cases, thick discharge. To prevent conjunctivitis, it’s essential to:
Blepharitis
Blepharitis, an inflammation of the eyelids, can occur year-round, tends to worsen in winter. Dry conditions and cold air can exacerbate the buildup of oils and bacteria along the eyelid margins, leading to this condition.
Symptoms of blepharitis include redness, itching, burning sensations, and crusting along the eyelashes upon waking. To prevent blepharitis, it’s recommended to:
Photophobia and eye irritation
Photophobia, or light sensitivity, is another common issue in winter, especially in snowy areas. Sunlight reflecting off snow contains ultraviolet (UV) rays, which can cause visual discomfort or even corneal damage if proper precautions are not taken. This condition, known as "snow blindness" or actinic keratitis, can be painful and may require medical attention if symptoms persist.
To avoid photophobia and the damaging effects of UV radiation reflected off snow, it’s recommended to:
Inflammation of the tear ducts
During fall and winter, some people experience excessive tearing due to irritation from cold air and wind. This can block the tear ducts, leading to a condition known as dacryocystitis, a painful inflammation that often requires medical treatment.
To prevent inflammation of the tear ducts:
Winter poses challenges for eye health due to weather conditions and prolonged exposure to irritants. Common eye issues such as dry eye, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, photophobia, and tear duct inflammation can be prevented with a few simple precautions. Practicing good eye hygiene, using protective eyewear, applying preservative-free artificial tears, and maintaining indoor humidity are essential steps to protect your eyes during the cold months. If symptoms persist, it’s advisable to consult a specialist for proper treatment to avoid complications. Caring for your eyes in cold weather not only improves visual comfort but also helps preserve long-term eye health.
Dr. Victor Charoenrook, Ophthalmologist at the Barraquer Ophthalmology Centre
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